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Non Directional Beacon



 ๐Ÿ›ฉ️A Non-Directional Beacon is a ground-based, low frequency radio transmitter used as an instrument approach for airports and offshore platforms.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️The NDB transmits an omni-directional signal that is received by the Automatic Direction Finder, a standard instrument onboard aircraft.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️The pilot uses the ADF to determine the direction to the NDB relative to the aircraft.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️To navigate using the ADF, the pilot enters the frequency of the NDB and the compass card (or arrow) on the ADF will indicate the heading to the station.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️The signal is transmitted on an uninterrupted 24/7 basis.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️An audible Morse Code call sign of one or more letters or numbers is used to identify the NDB being received.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️NDB’s used for aviation are standardized by ICAO, Annex 10 which specifies that NDB be operated on a frequency between 190 to 1800 kHz.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️In North America, the frequency range is typically from 190 to 625 kHz, for offshore operations in the North Sea 500 to 1250  kHz and for offshore Brazil, 1500 to 1800 kHz is used.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️The main components of an NDB ground station are the Beacon transmitter, Antenna Tuning Unit and Antenna.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️Typically NDBs have output power from 25 to 125 watts for reception up to approx. 100 NM. Higher power systems from 500 to 1000 Watts are used for longer range applications.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️Range depends on a number of factors such as output power, antenna, ground conductivity, frequency, site conditions, latitude, and the condition of the ADF receiver.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️NDBs are highly reliable, typically provide decades of uninterrupted service, and are extremely low cost to install and operate.  Because of this, NDBs are the most widely used navaid in the world.

๐Ÿ›ฉ️In addition to serving as stand-alone primary instrument approaches at airports, NDBs are also used as Locator Outer Markers (LOM) for Instrument landing Systems (ILS).

๐Ÿ›ฉ️Outer Markers designate the starting area of an ILs approach or flight path to follow for a standard terminal arrival or STAR procedure.

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