The Aviation Science

Radio Waves 🛩️A radio wave is invisible to the human eye. It is electromagnetic in nature and part of the electronic spectrum of wave activity that includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared waves, and visible light rays, as well all radio waves. The atmosphere is filled with these waves. Each wave occurs at a specific frequency and has a corresponding wavelength. The relationship between frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional. A high frequency wave has a short wave length and a low frequency wave has a long wave length. 🛩️In aviation, a variety of radio waves are used for communication. Here, It is illustrated the radio spectrum that includes the range of common aviation radio frequencies and their applications. 🛩️A wide range of frequencies are used from low frequency (LF) at 100 kHz (100,000 cycles per second) to super high frequency (SHF) at nearly 10gHz (10,000,000,000 cycles per second). The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) controls ...

Five Major Stresses 🛩️Aircraft structural members are designed to carry a load or to resist stress. Aircraft parts must be planned to carry the load to be imposed upon it. 🛩️The term stress is often used interchangeably with the word “strain.” They are not the same thing. External loads or forces cause stress. Stress is a material’s internal resistance, or counterforce, that opposes deformation. The degree of deformation of a material is strain. When a material is subjected to a load or force, that material is deformed, regardless of how strong the material is or how light the load is. 🛩️Here 5 major stresses to which aircraft is subjected ✳️Tension ✳️Compression ✳️Torsion ✳️Shear ✳️Bending ✈️Tension is the stress that resists a force that tends to pull something apart. The engine pulls the aircraft forward, but air resistance tries to hold it back. The result is tension, which stretches the aircraft. The tensile strength of a material is measured in pounds per square inc...

Forces in Turn 🛩️If an aircraft were viewed in straight & level flight from the front & if the forces acting on the aircraft could be seen, lift & weight would be apparent: two forces.If the aircraft were in a bank it would be apparent that lift did not act directly opposite to the weight, rather it now acts in the direction of the bank. When the aircraft banks, lift acts inward toward the center of the turn, perpendicular to the lateral axis as well as upward. 🛩️An increase in airspeed results in an increase of the turn radius, & centrifugal force is directly proportional to the radius of the turn. In a correctly executed turn, the horizontal component of lift must be exactly equal & opposite to the centrifugal force. As the airspeed is increased in a constant-rate level turn, the radius of the turn increases. This increase in the radius of turn causes an increase in the centrifugal force, which must be balanced by an increase in the horizontal compo...

Runway Markings and Signs ➡️Subscribe us for more aircraft knowledge and aircraft fact⬅️ ➡️Do Share with your Friends⬅️

Vortex Devices 🛩️Vortex devices maintain airflow at low speeds and delay the stall, by creating a vortex which re-energises the boundary layer close to the wing . 🛩️Vortex generator: small triangular protrusion on the upper leading wing surface; usually, several are spaced along the span of the wing. Vortex generators create additional drag at all speeds . 🛩️Vortilon: a flat plate attached to the underside of the wing near its outer leading edge, roughly parallel to normal airflow. At low speeds, tip effects cause a local spanwise flow which is deflected by the vortilon to form a vortex passing up and over the wing . 🛩️Leading-edge root extension (LERX): generates a strong vortex over the wing at high angles of attack, but unlike vortex generators it can also increase lift at such high angles, while creating minimal drag in level flight. ➡️Subscribe us for more aircraft knowledge and aircraft fact⬅️ ➡️Do Share with your Friends⬅️

High Lifting Devices 🛩️The most common types of High-lift devices are fixed slots, movable slats, leading edge flaps, and cuffs. 🛩️Fixed slots direct airflow to the upper wing surface and delay airflow separation at higher angles of attack. 🛩️The slot does not increase the wing camber, but allows a higher maximum CL because the stall is delayed until the wing reaches a greater AoA. 🛩️Movable slats consist of leading edge segments that move on tracks, At low AoA, each slat is held flush against the wing’s leading edge by the high pressure that forms at the wing’s leading edge. 🛩️As the AoA increases, the high pressure area moves aft below the lower surface of the wing, allowing the slats to move forward. 🛩️Some slats, however, are pilot operated and can be deployed at any AoA. Opening a slat allows the air below the wing to flow over the wing’s upper surface, delaying airflow separation. 🛩️Leading edge flaps and Leading edge cuffs , like trailing edge flaps, are ...