𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦

Microwave Landing System

🛩️The microwave landing system (MLS) is an all-weather, precision radio guidance system intended to be installed at large airports to assist aircraft in landing, including 'blind landings'.

🛩️MLS enables an approaching aircraft to determine when it's aligned with the destination runway and on the correct glidepath for a safe landing.

🛩️MLS has a number of operational advantages over ILS, including a wider selection of channels to avoid interference with nearby installations, excellent performance in all weather, a small "footprint" at the airports, and wide vertical and horizontal "capture" angles that allowed approaches from wider areas around the airport.

🛩️MLS employs 5 GHz transmitters at the landing place which use passive electronically scanned arrays to send scanning beams towards approaching aircraft.

🛩️An aircraft that enters the scanned volume uses a special receiver that calculates its position by measuring the arrival times of the beams.

🛩️The azimuth station transmits MLS angle and data on one of 200 channels within the frequency range of 5031 to 5090.7 MHz and is normally located about 1,000 feet (300 m) beyond the stop end of the runway, but there is considerable flexibility in selecting sites.

🛩️The elevation station transmits signals on the same frequency as the azimuth station..

🛩️A single frequency is time-shared between angle and data functions and is normally located about 400 feet from the side of the runway between runway threshold and the touchdown zone.

🛩️Elevation coverage is provided in the same airspace as the azimuth guidance signals: In elevation, to at least +15 degrees.

🛩️To fill the Azimuth lateral coverage and in range, to at least 20 nautical miles (37 km).

🛩️For the range, The beacon transponder operates in the frequency band 962 to 1105 MHz and responds to an aircraft interrogator.

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