𝐈𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦

Inertial Navigation System

🛩️INSs contain Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) which have angular and linear accelerometers (for changes in position).

🛩️some IMUs include a gyroscopic element (for maintaining an absolute angular reference).

🛩️Angular accelerometers measure how the vehicle is rotating in space.

🛩️Generally, there is at least one sensor for each of the three axes: pitch (nose up and down), yaw (nose left and right) and roll (clockwise or counter-clockwise from the cockpit).

🛩️Linear accelerometers measure non-gravitational accelerations of the vehicle.

🛩️Since it can move in three axes (up & down, left & right, forward & back), there is a linear accelerometer for each axis.

🛩️A computer continually calculates the vehicle's current position.

🛩️First, for each of the six degrees of freedom, it integrates over time the sensed acceleration, together with an estimate of gravity, to calculate the current velocity. Then it integrates the velocity to calculate the current position.

🛩️Component
✈️Three linear accelerometers arranged orthogonally to supply X, Y, and Z axis components of acceleration.

✈️Gyroscopes to measure and use changes in aircraft vector to maintain and orient the stable platform.

✈️A stable platform oriented to keep the X and Y axis linear accelerometers oriented north-south and eastwest to provide azimuth orientation and to keep the Z axis aligned with the local gravity vector. The stable platform is necessary to prevent either the X or Y axis accelerometer from picking up the force of gravity and interpreting it as an acceleration on the aircraft.

✈️Integrators to convert raw acceleration data into velocity and distance data.

✈️Computer to continuously calculate position information.

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𝐖𝐞𝐭-𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐩 𝐎𝐢𝐥 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦

Wet Sump Oil System ✳️The engine oil system performs several important functions: 🛩️Lubrication of the engine’s moving parts . 🛩️Cooling of the engine by reducing friction . 🛩️Removing heat from the cylinders . 🛩️Carrying away contaminants . 🛩️Providing a seal between the cylinder walls and pistons. ➡️Subscribe us for more aircraft knowledge and aircraft fact⬅️ ➡️Do Share with your Friends⬅️

𝐕-𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

🛩️In aircraft, a V-tail is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional fin and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. 🛩️The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface (sometimes called a ruddervator) which combines the functions of both a rudder and elevators. 🛩️Ruddervators are the control surfaces on an airplane with a V-tail configuration. They are located at the trailing edge of each of the two airfoils making up the tail of the plane. 🛩️Ruddervators provide the same control effect as conventional control surfaces, but through a more complex control system that actuates the control surfaces in unison. 🛩️Yaw moving the nose to the left is produced on an upright V tail by moving the pedals left which deflects the left-hand ruddervator down and left and the right-hand ruddervator up and left. The opposite produces yaw to the right. 🛩️Pitch nose up is prod

𝐆𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐒𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞

Glide Slope 🛩️glide slope of ILS is defined as a system of vertical guidance embodied in the Instrument Landing System which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path of descent. 🛩️A glide slope station uses an antenna array sited to one side of the runway touchdown zone. The GS signal is transmitted on a carrier signal. 🛩️The centre of the glide slope signal is arranged to define a glide path of approximately 3° above horizontal (ground level). The beam is 1.4° deep (0.7° below the glide-path centre and 0.7° above). 🛩️The pilot controls the aircraft so that the glide slope indicator remains centered on the display to ensure the aircraft is following the glide path to remain above obstructions and reach the runway at the proper touchdown point (it provides vertical guidance). 🛩️Two signals are transmitted on one of 40 ILS channels. One is modulated at 90 Hz, the other at 150 Hz. These are transmitted from co-located antennas. Each antenna

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