π«In aeronautics, transonic flight is flying at or near the Speed of sound 343 m/s(1,235 km/h at sea level), relative to the air through which the vehicle is traveling.
π«A typical convention used is to define transonic flight as speeds in the range of Mach 0.72 to 1.0 (965–1,235 km/h (600–767 mph) at sea level).
π«This condition depends on the travel speed of the aircraft & temperature of the airflow in the vehicle's local environment.
π«It is formally defined as the range of speeds between the critical Mach number, when some parts of the airflow over an air vehicle or airfoil are supersonic, and a higher speed, typically near Mach 1.2, when most of the airflow is supersonic.
π«Between these speeds some of the airflow is supersonic, but a significant fraction is not.
π«Transonic airspeeds see a rapid increase in drag from about Mach 0.8, and it is the fuel costs of the drag that typically limits the airspeed.
π«Most notable is the use of swept wings, but another common form is a wasp-waist fuselage as a side effect of the Whitcomb area rule.
π«Severe instability can occur at transonic speeds.
π«Shock waves can cause large-scale separation downstream, increasing drag and adding asymmetry and unsteadiness to the flow around the vehicle.
π«Transonic speeds can also occur at the tips of rotor blades of helicopters and aircraft.
π«This puts severe, unequal stresses on the rotor blade and may lead to accidents if it occurs.
π«It is one of the limiting factors of the size of rotors and the forward speeds of helicopters.
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