𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬

🛫In aeronautics, transonic flight is flying at or near the Speed of sound 343 m/s(1,235 km/h at sea level), relative to the air through which the vehicle is traveling.

🛫A typical convention used is to define transonic flight as speeds in the range of Mach 0.72 to 1.0 (965–1,235 km/h (600–767 mph) at sea level).

🛫This condition depends on the travel speed of the aircraft & temperature of the airflow in the vehicle's local environment.

🛫It is formally defined as the range of speeds between the critical Mach number, when some parts of the airflow over an air vehicle or airfoil are supersonic, and a higher speed, typically near Mach 1.2, when most of the airflow is supersonic.

🛫Between these speeds some of the airflow is supersonic, but a significant fraction is not.

🛫Transonic airspeeds see a rapid increase in drag from about Mach 0.8, and it is the fuel costs of the drag that typically limits the airspeed.

🛫Most notable is the use of swept wings, but another common form is a wasp-waist fuselage as a side effect of the Whitcomb area rule.

🛫Severe instability can occur at transonic speeds.

🛫Shock waves can cause large-scale separation downstream, increasing drag and adding asymmetry and unsteadiness to the flow around the vehicle.

🛫Transonic speeds can also occur at the tips of rotor blades of helicopters and aircraft.

🛫This puts severe, unequal stresses on the rotor blade and may lead to accidents if it occurs.

🛫It is one of the limiting factors of the size of rotors and the forward speeds of helicopters.

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