𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡

Instrument Landing System

🛩️An Instrument Landing System (ILS) enables pilots to conduct an instrument approach to landing if they are unable to establish visual contact with the runway.

🛩️It is defined by the International Telecommunication Union as a service provided by a station.

🛩️The ILS works using two components, a localizer and a glideslope.

🛩️The frequencies for the localizer are between 108.1-111.95 MHz and the glide slope between 329.15-335.0 MHz.

🛩️These frequencies are the carrier waves that the modulation takes place.

🛩️A pilot is only concerned with the localizer frequency as the navigation equipment knows the paired glideslope frequency for any given localizer frequency.

🛩️The localizer antenna broadcasts two lobes down the length of the runway for a few miles (typically 18 nm).

🛩️The glideslope antenna sits around the 1000 ft touchdown zone markers on the runway, offset a little bit from the runway.

🛩️It broadcasts a its own two lobes centered around a 3 degree slope.

🛩️The glideslope is generally usable about 10 nm from the runway, but is generally not used that far out.

🛩️The equipment in the plane responsible for using this signal comes in a few parts, an antenna, a radio and a navigation instrument.

🛩️The localizer signal is received the antenna used for the normal navigation signals (VOR) and there will be an additional antenna for the glideslope signal.

🛩️These signals will first go to a nav radio, which the pilot uses to select the localizer frequency (or a VOR frequency).

🛩️If a localizer frequency is selected, the radio will also listen on a specific glideslope frequency.

🛩️The data from the radio is then sent to whatever instrument you are displaying the data on.

🛩️The most primitive instrument is the VOR head with glideslope-type of needled navigation instrument.

➡️Subscribe us for more aircraft knowledge and aircraft fact⬅️

➡️Do Share with your Friends⬅️

Comments

𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬

🛩️A combustor is a component or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, combustion chamber is fed high pressure air by the compression system. 🛩️The combustor then heats this air at constant pressure. After heating, air passes from the combustor through the nozzle guide vanes to the turbine. In the case of a ramjet or scramjet engines, the air is directly fed to the nozzle. 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞 ✈️The most commonly used type of combustor is the fully annular combustor. Annular combustors do away with the separate combustion zones and simply have a continuous liner and casing in a ring. There are many advantages to annular combustors, including more uniform combustion, shorter size, lighter, and less surface area. Annular combustors tend to have very uniform exit temperatures. They also have the lowest pressure drop of the three...

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝘃𝘀 𝗦𝗲𝗺𝗶-𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲

🛫A monocoque structure uses its outer shell to support stresses and loads applied to it, whereas a semi-monocoque structure has an internal "skeleton" of supports and braces to keep its shape rigid and strong. 🛫The vast majority of pressurized aircraft are semimonocoque to help distribute stresses equally along the fuselage during flight. 🛫However, some helicopters use monocoque structure to maximize internal space in the flight compartment. 🛫Monocoque fuselage has its skin holding the skeleton structure together while the semi-monocoque has both the skin and the skeleton holding together. 🛫Semi-monocoque also has "stringers" running horizontally down the plane to help hold the frame together. 🛫The monocoque fuselage also cannot be used for airframes after a certain size (small aircraft with single engine), but the semi-monocoque has been used from single piston engines to commercial airliners. 🛫A monocoque design would also have ...

𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞

Empennage 🛩️The empennage of an aircraft is also known as the tail section. Most empennage designs consist of a tail cone, fixed aerodynamic surfaces or stabilizers, and movable aerodynamic surfaces. 🛩️The tail cone serves to close and streamline the aft end of most fuselages. The cone is made up of structural members like those of the fuselage; however, cones are usually of lighter construction since they receive less stress than the fuselage. 🛩️The other components of the typical empennage are of heavier construction than the tail cone. These members include fixed surfaces that help stabilize the aircraft and movable surfaces that help to direct an aircraft during flight. The fixed surfaces are the horizontal stabilizer and vertical stabilizer. The movable surfaces are usually a rudder located at the aft edge of the vertical stabilizer and an elevator located at the aft edge the horizontal stabilizer. 🛩️The structure of the stabilizers is very similar to that which ...

The Aviation Science

Search This Blog