𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐃𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫

Automatic Direction Finder

🛩️ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) is the radio signals in the low to medium frequency band of 190 Khz. to 1750 Khz.

🛩️It has the major advantage over VOR navigation in the reception is not limited to line of sight distance.

🛩️The ADF signals follow the curvature of the earth.

🛩️The maximum of distance is depend on the power of the beacon.

🛩️The ADF can receives on both AM radio station and NDB (Non-Directional Beacon).

🛩️Commercial AM radio stations broadcast on 540 to 1620 Khz. Non-Directional Beacon operate in the frequency band of 190 to 535 Khz.

✈️ADF COMPONENTS
✈️ADF Receiver: pilot can tune the station desired and to select the mode of operation. The signal is received, amplified, and converted to audible voice or morse code transmission and powers the bearing indicator.

✈️Control Box (Digital Readout Type) : Most modern aircraft has this type of control in the cockpit. In this equipment the frequency tuned is displayed as digital readout. ADF automatically determines bearing to selected station and it on the RMI.

✈️Antenna: The aircraft consist of two antennas. The two antennas are called LOOP antenna and SENSE antenna. The ADF receives signals on both loop and sense antennas. The loop antenna is a small flat antenna without moving parts. Within the antenna, several coils are spaced at various angles. The loop antenna senses the direction of the station by the strength of the signal on each coil but cannot determine whether the bearing is TO or FROM the station. The sense antenna provides this latter information.

✈️Bearing Indicator: displays the bearing to station relative to the nose of the aircraft. Relative Bearing is the angle formed by the line drawn through the center line of the aircraft and a line drawn from the aircraft to the radio station. Magnetic Bearing is the angle formed by a line drawn from aircraft to the radio station and a line drawn from the aircraft to magnetic north (Bearing to station).

🛩️Magnetic Bearing = Magnetic Heading + Relative Bearing.

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