The Aviation Science

🛩️Krueger flaps are lift enhancement devices that are fitted to the leading edge of an aircraft wing. 🛩️Unlike slats or drooped leading edges, the main wing upper surface and its nose is not changed. Instead, a portion of the lower wing is rotated out in front of the main wing leading edge. 🛩️Current Boeing aircraft, and many others, use this design between the fuselage and closest engine, where the wing is thickest. Outboard of the engine, slat flaps are used on the leading edge. The Boeing 727 also used a mix of inboard Krueger flaps and outboard slats, although it had no engine between them. 🛩️Most early jet airliners, such as the Boeing 707 and Boeing 747, used Krueger flaps only. 🛩️The aerodynamic effect of Krueger flaps may be similar to that of slats or slots (in those cases where there is a gap or slot between the flap trailing edge and wing leading edge), they are deployed differently. 🛩️Krueger flaps, hinged at their foremost position that...

🛩️A combustor is a component or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, combustion chamber is fed high pressure air by the compression system. 🛩️The combustor then heats this air at constant pressure. After heating, air passes from the combustor through the nozzle guide vanes to the turbine. In the case of a ramjet or scramjet engines, the air is directly fed to the nozzle. 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞 ✈️The most commonly used type of combustor is the fully annular combustor. Annular combustors do away with the separate combustion zones and simply have a continuous liner and casing in a ring. There are many advantages to annular combustors, including more uniform combustion, shorter size, lighter, and less surface area. Annular combustors tend to have very uniform exit temperatures. They also have the lowest pressure drop of the three...

🛩️The CAT gauge indicates the temperature of the air before it enters the carburetor. The temperature reading is sensed by a bulb or electric sensor. In the test cell, the sensor is located in the air intake passage to the engine and, in an aircraft it is located in the ram-air intake duct. The CAT gauge is calibrated in the centigrade scale. This gauge, like many other multi-engine aircraft instruments, is a dual gauge; two gauges, each with a separate pointer and scale, are used in the same case. 🛩️The yellow arc indicates a range from –10 °C to +15 °C, since the danger of icing occurs between these temperatures. The green range indicates the normal operating range from +15 °C to +40 °C. The red line indicates the maximum operating temperature of 40 °C; any operation at a temperature over this value places the engine in danger of detonation. ➡️Subscribe us for more aircraft knowledge and aircraft fact⬅️ ➡️Do Share with your Friends⬅️

🛩️A Machmeter is an aircraft pitot-static system flight instrument that shows the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound, a dimensionless quantity called Mach number. This is shown on a Machmeter as a decimal fraction. 🛩️As an aircraft in transonic flight approaches the speed of sound, it first reaches its critical mach number, where air flowing over low-pressure areas of its surface locally reaches the speed of sound, forming shock waves. 🛩️The indicated airspeed for this condition changes with ambient temperature, which in turn changes with altitude. Therefore, indicated airspeed is not entirely adequate to warn the pilot of the impending problems. Mach number is more useful, and fighters are limited to a maximum operating Mach number. 🛩️An aircraft flying at the speed of sound is flying at a Mach number of one, expressed as Mach 1. 🛩️Mach meter is a compound air data instrument which has two sensors. 🛩️The air speed capsule measures ...

🛫In aeronautics, transonic flight is flying at or near the Speed of sound 343 m/s(1,235 km/h at sea level), relative to the air through which the vehicle is traveling. 🛫A typical convention used is to define transonic flight as speeds in the range of Mach 0.72 to 1.0 (965–1,235 km/h (600–767 mph) at sea level). 🛫This condition depends on the travel speed of the aircraft & temperature of the airflow in the vehicle's local environment. 🛫It is formally defined as the range of speeds between the critical Mach number, when some parts of the airflow over an air vehicle or airfoil are supersonic, and a higher speed, typically near Mach 1.2, when most of the airflow is supersonic. 🛫Between these speeds some of the airflow is supersonic, but a significant fraction is not. 🛫Transonic airspeeds see a rapid increase in drag from about Mach 0.8, and it is the fuel costs of the drag that typically limits the airspeed. 🛫Most notable is the use of swept w...

🛩️In aircraft, a V-tail is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional fin and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. 🛩️The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface (sometimes called a ruddervator) which combines the functions of both a rudder and elevators. 🛩️Ruddervators are the control surfaces on an airplane with a V-tail configuration. They are located at the trailing edge of each of the two airfoils making up the tail of the plane. 🛩️Ruddervators provide the same control effect as conventional control surfaces, but through a more complex control system that actuates the control surfaces in unison. 🛩️Yaw moving the nose to the left is produced on an upright V tail by moving the pedals left which deflects the left-hand ruddervator down and left and the right-hand ruddervator up and left. The opposite produces yaw to the right. 🛩️Pitch nose up is prod...